Name: Topic Overview – Hydrocarbons and Cracking
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Question 1 of 28

Question 1
Arrange the following steps in the correct order to describe how crude oil is separated into more useful fractions.
- Fuel oil leaves second, followed by diesel oil.
- As the vapours rise they cool and different hydrocarbons condense due to their difference in boiling points.
- Bitumen leaves first since it has the lowest boiling point and the column is hotter at the bottom.
- Petrol condenses and is removed.
- At the top of the column, some gases leave as they have still not condensed.
- Kerosene condenses and is removed.
- Crude oil is heated until it evaporates and then is pumped into the bottom of a fractionating column.
- When hydrocarbons condense they drip into a tray and are removed in pipes.
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Question 2 of 28

Question 2
Renewable, non-renewable
- Complete the sentence: Methane is a fossil fuel found in natural gas.
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Question 3 of 28

Question 3
Renewable, non-renewable
- Finish the sentence: Petrol, kerosene and diesel oil are fossil fuels obtained from crude oil.
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Question 4 of 28

Question 4
Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain which two elements only?
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Helium
- Cobalt
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Question 5 of 28

Question 5
Hydrocarbons are separated in fractionating columns into fractions with similar properties. Fractions which are not very viscous and so flow easily also ignite easily. Which statement explains how viscosity differs within the column?
- Viscosity increases at you go up the column
- Viscosity decreases as you go up the column
- Viscosity is highest both at the bottom and the top of the column
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Question 6 of 28

Question 6
Hydrocarbons with the longest carbon chains have the highest boiling points. Where are the fractions with the smallest carbon chains removed in a fractionating column?
- Fractions with the longest carbon chains are removed at the bottom of fractionating columns
- Fractions with the longest carbon chains are removed at the top of fractionating columns
- Fractions with the longest carbon chains are removed in the middle of fractionating columns
- Fractions with the shortest chains are prevented from entering the machine
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Question 7 of 28

Question 7
Drag and drop to match the hydrocarbon type with the correct use
- Petrol and diesel
- Fuel oil
- Kerosine
- Bitumen
- Hydrocarbon gases
- Cars
- Ships
- Aircraft
- Road and roof surfacing
- Cooking and heating
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Question 8 of 28

Question 8
Which of the following statements are correct about crude oil?
- Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons
- Crude oil is made mostly of cobalt and water based compounds
- Crude oil is a finite resource
- Crude oil is an important source of fuels and feedstock for the petrochemical industry
- Crude oil is added to drinking water to sterilise pathogens
- Crude oil contains molecules with carbon in chains
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Question 9 of 28

Question 9
Which process do we use to separate crude oil into more useful and simpler mixtures?
- Fractional distillation
- Filtration
- Simple distillation
- Evaporation
- Crystallisation
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Question 10 of 28

Question 10
Why is bitumen not a good fuel?
- It is too difficult to ignite since it is very viscous (thick)
- It is very rare and so makes a bad fuel
- It is too expensive to use as a fuel economically
- It slowly clogs up car engines and they have to be cleaned too often
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Question 11 of 28

Question 11
Alkanes all have the same general formula. What is that formula?
- CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
- CH₂ₙ₊₂
- H₂ₙ₊₂
- C₂ₙ₊₂Hₙ
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Question 12 of 28

Question 12
Alkanes and alkenes are both part of a series, what is the name we give to the series?
- Homologous series
- Heterogenous series
- Uniformity series
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Question 13 of 28

Question 13
Crude oil separated by fractional distillation creates unequal volumes of each fraction e.g. fuel oil. These unequal volumes also do not match the demand for each fraction. What process is carried out to balance out the supply with demand?
- Cracking
- Fracking
- Carbonation
- Distillation
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Question 14 of 28

Question 14
Select the accurate statements about alkanes.
- Alkanes show gradual variation in physical characteristics – e.g. boiling points
- Alkanes have similar chemical properties
- Alkanes all have exactly the same chemical formula
- Alkanes all exist as a gas at room temperature
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Question 15 of 28

Question 15
The following equations show cracking of a long hydrocarbon into a shorter alkane and an alkene. Which equation is correct?
- C₇H₁₆ → C₅H₁₂ + C₂H₄
- CH₁₆ → CH₁₂ + CH₄
- C₈H₁₆ → C₅H₁₂ + C₂H₄
- C₈H₁₇ → C₅H₁₂ + C₂H₄
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Question 16 of 28

Question 16
What is the formula that represents how much each alkane differs from each neighbouring compound?
- CH₂
- CH₄
- H₄
- C₄H₄
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Question 17 of 28

Question 17
Which descriptions are accurate about saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?
- In saturated hydrocarbons the carbon atoms are joined by single bonds (C-C)
- In unsaturated hydrocarbons there is a carbon to carbon double bond (C=C)
- In saturated hydrocarbons the hydrogens are connected to each other with single bonds (H-H)
- In unsaturated hydrocarbons there is a hydrogen to carbon double bond (H=C)
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Question 18 of 28

Question 18
What is the purpose of cracking?
- Breaking down larger alkane molecules into smaller alkane molecules and some alkenes
- Breaking down larger alkene molecules into smaller alkene molecules and some alkanes
- Combining alkanes and alkenes to make fuel for rockets
- Breaking up food so its easier to digest
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Question 19 of 28

Question 19
Which of the following is a difference between alkanes and alkenes?
- Alkanes are saturated and alkenes are unsaturated
- Alkanes can be used as fuels and alkenes cannot be used as fuels
- Alkanes are separated from their neighbours by CH₄ and alkenes are separated from their neighbours by COH₄
- Alkenes are the same as alkanes but only in solid form
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Question 20 of 28

Question 20
How do sulfur compounds get into hydrocarbon fuels like petrol and diesel?
- They are natural impurities
- Companies add them in to bulk out the fuel and make more money
- The government adds them in to reduce air pollution
- They are found in the fuel tanks of our vehicles and not the fuel
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Question 21 of 28

Question 21
What is a common issue with soot (carbon) produced during combustion?
- Blackens buildings and collects in the lungs
- Combines with Chlorofluorocarbons to form toxic gases
- Forms slippery layers on roads increasing the risks of driving
- Builds up in appliances and increases the risk of explosion
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Question 22 of 28

Question 22
What toxic effects does carbon monoxide have on the body?
- Binds with haemoglobin in red blood cells preventing oxygen from combining
- Blocks the small intestine by diffusing across the cell membrane
- Rapidly enters the brain and soaks up cerebral spinal fluid
- Caused platelets to dissolve and prevents blood from clotting
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Question 23 of 28

Question 23
Which description best matches complete combustion?
- Carbon dioxide and water are produces and energy is given out
- Carbon monoxide and carbon are produces as well as water and some energy is given out
- Carbon dioxide only is given out
- Water and carbon trioxide is given out and some energy
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Question 24 of 28

Question 24
Which gas that leads to acid rain is produced when hydrocarbons containing sulfur are burned?
- Sulfur dioxide
- Nitrogen dioxide
- Methane
- Diatomic oxygen
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Question 25 of 28

Question 25
Which of the following are causes of acid rain?
- Nitrogen oxides
- Carbon dioxide
- Sulfur dioxide
- Diatomic oxygen
- Carbon nitrate
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Question 26 of 28

Question 26
Which of the following are negative effects of acid rain?
- Weathering of limestone or marble buildings
- Acidification of water bodies
- Emission of toxic gases when acid rain interacts with car tyres
- Causes corrosion of metals like iron
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Question 27 of 28

Question 27
Why does burning of fuel inside an internal combustion engine lead to the production of oxides of nitrogen?
- Very high temperatures are required for oxygen to react with nitrogen
- High pressures inside the engine causes the reaction
- Nitrogen is present in the combustion chamber metal since it is an alloy
- Nitrogen is injected by turbochargers to increase the speed of cars on motorways
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Question 28 of 28

Question 28
Why is carbon and carbon monoxide produced during incomplete combustion?
- Not enough oxygen is present to form carbon dioxide
- Oxygen expands rapidly and escapes the reaction before forming carbon dioxide
- Incomplete combustion involves burning sulfur and sulfur dioxide is made instead of carbon dioxide
- Carbon monoxide is made in both complete and incomplete combustion
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Topic Overview - Hydrocarbons and Cracking

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