OCR Combined Science B Papers 2 and 6 Automock

#1. Are metals usually shiny or dull in colour?

shiny

dull

#2. The graph shows a heating curve for substance X (red) and substance Y (blue). Is substance X a pure or impure substance?

Pure

Impure

#3. Why do historical measurements by humans of global temperature have some uncertainty?

Select all that apply:

Instruments to measure temperature were not very accurate in the past and have gained more resolution over time

Early scientists were in competition to record the highest temperatures

The longest continuous record of temperature is only available in one place

#4. Which of the following are problems that would arise from measuring an extremely slow rate of reaction?

Select all that apply:

Very small changes are difficult to accurately measure

Extremely slow reactions do not always follow the law of conservation of energy

Very slow changes require long-term experiments - costly and may exceed human lifetimes

#5. Which of these descriptions best describes fullerenes?

Fullerenes are tubes or balls of carbon atoms with each carbon covalently bonded to three other carbons.

Fullerenes are a group of extremely hard non-metal substances that are typically found deep underground.

Fullerenes are the same as simple molecular compounds

#6. Which of these is a problem with 3D ball and stick models?

They do not show how the structure formed and suggest that the electrons in different atoms are different, but they are actually the same

The model shows the atoms as being too far apart and there are no sticks

The model does not show that the ions will be constantly vibrating

#7. What is the name of the phase change from gas to liquid?

deposition

evaporation/boiling

freezing

melting

condensation

sublimation

#8. What is the chemical symbol for lithium?

#9. Which three particles are atoms composed of?

#10. Alkalis produce an excess of what when they dissolve in water?

sulfate ions

sulfite ions

hydroxide ions

hydrogen ions

#11. Why is diamond hard?

Diamond is hard because it is composed of particular isotopes of carbon with extra neutrons, making the material more dense

Diamond is hard because it is made of ionically bonded carbon atoms.

Diamond is hard because carbon atom is covalently bonded to 4 other carbon atoms, in a tetrahedral arrangement.

#12. What is the formula for potassium oxide? ? you might need a periodic table to answer this question

#13. Which of these is the mobile phase in paper chromatography?

the paper

the solvent

the ink

#14. Are metals usually malleable or brittle?

Brittle

Malleable

#15. What does the atomic number of an element mean?

The number of neutrons in its nucleus

The number of electrons in shells surrounding the nucleus

The number of protons in its nucleus

#16. What the the least dense state of matter?

Bose-Einstein Condensates

solids

liquids

gases

#17. What is the symbol for relative atomic mass?

Mᵣ

AMᵣ

Aᵣ

Gᵣ

#18. What is the chemical symbol for potassium?

#19. What is the chemical symbol for iodine?

#20. In which type of reaction would the temperature of a solution increase?

Mesothermic

Exothermic

Ectothermic

Endothermic

#21. Which of the following descriptions matches the term empirical formula?

Represents the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Represents the simplest integer ratio of atoms or ions of each element in a compound

Is the sum of the relative atomic masses

#22. Why does diamond not conduct electricity?

Because it has no delocalised electrons

Because it has a very high resistance

#23. What type of substance is pure gold (Au)?

Compound

Mixture

Element

#24. What is the relative mass of a proton?

2

1

1/1840

#25. What is the chemical symbol for helium?

#26. Which of these are common properties of simple molecular (covalent) materials?

Select all that apply:

low melting/boiling points

high melting/boiling points

do not conduct electricity

are good conductors of electricity

#27. What is the name of the phase change from solid to gas?

freezing

condensation

deposition

evaporation/boiling

melting

sublimation

#28. When using inert electrodes to perform electrolysis with sodium sulfate solution, which products will be produced at the anode and cathode?

Cathode: Sodium (Na) Anode: Hydroxide (OH⁻)

Cathode: Hydrogen (H₂) Anode: Sulfate (SO₄²⁻)

Cathode: Hydrogen (H₂) Anode: Hydroxide (OH⁻)

#29. During a neutralisation reaction which salt is formed from hydrochloric acid?

nitrate

sulfate

borate

chloride

carbonate

#30. Copper can be purified using electrolysis of copper sulfate solution. For this process we use the setup in the image below. Complete the half equation for the reaction at the cathode. Cu²⁺ + 2e →

SO₄²⁻

CuO

Cu

#31. Which type of reaction takes in energy, making the surroundings cooler?

Endothermic

Ectothermic

Exothermic

#32. Are non-metals usually good conductors of electricity?

No

Yes

#33. Why do simple molecules not conduct electricity?

Simple molecules do not have an overall charge, making them unable to carry a charge and conduct electricity.

Simple molecules are aligned in the direction opposite to the flow of current. This means that they oppose the flow of electricity.

All simple molecules are in the gaseous state and so electrons are too far apart to transfer a charge

#34. Determine the empirical formula for Cyclopentane – C₅H₁₀?

CH₄

2CH

CH₂

C₂H₂

#35. How do sodium and chlorine atoms bond? ? you might need a periodic table to answer this question

covalently

ionically

metallically

#36. What is the chemical symbol for hydrogen?

#37. Because mixtures contain more than one substance and each has its own melting point, mixtures melt in which way?

over a range of temperatures

at a specific point

#38. What is the name of the phase change from liquid to gas?

deposition

freezing

evaporation/boiling

sublimation

condensation

melting

#39. When there are more frequent collisions between particles, what will happen to the rate of reaction?

It will decrease

It will increase

It will stay the same

#40. Complete the equation: HCl (aq) + KOH(s) → ….. + …..

Select all that apply:

ClOH

O

H₂

KCl

H₂O

#41. Will exothermic reactions continue if there is no energy input?

No, even if reactants have not run out

Yes, until reactants run out

#42. A paper chromatography experiment is carried out in a lab. The distance moved by the spot was 6cm and the solvent had moved by 8cm. Calculate the Rf value.

#43. When a mixture of rocks, salt and water is filtered, what will be the residue?

rocks

salt

sand

water

#44. Do metals usually have a high or low density?

Low density

High density

#45. Calculate the relative formula mass of copper oxide (CuO) to 2 decimal places. Copper Aᵣ = 63.5, Oxygen Aᵣ = 16.

#46. What is the chemical symbol for iron?

#47. What is the formula for the polyatomic ion nitrate?

SO₄²⁻

SO₃²⁻

OH⁻

NO₃⁻

NH₄⁺

CO₃²⁻

#48. What is the name of the force that holds together ions in ionic compounds?

electrostatic force

weak nuclear force

strong nuclear force

gravity

#49. Which of the following descriptions matches the Aᵣ of an element?

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms

The sum of the relative atomic masses of all of the atoms or ions in its formula

The mean mass of an atom compared with carbon-12

#50. Copper can be purified using electrolysis of copper sulfate solution. For this process we use the setup in the image below. Complete the half equation for the reaction at the anode. Cu → ….. + …..

Cu²⁺ + 2e

SO₃²⁻ + 2e

Cu⁺ + e

#51. What state of matter has particles which are close together and move around each other?

liquids

solids

gases

#52. Which of the following descriptions matches the Mᵣ of a compound?

The mean mass of an atom compared with carbon-12

The sum of the relative atomic masses of all of the atoms or ions in its formula

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms

#53. Complete the equation: H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → ….

OH₂(aq)

CO₂(g)

2H₂O(l)

H₂O(l)

Remember:

acids produce an excess of hydrogen ions

alkalis produce an excess of hydroxide ions

hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions come together to make water which is neutral.

#54. During a neutralisation reaction which salt is formed from sulfuric acid?

Carbonate

Nitrate

Chloride

Sulfate

Borate

#55. Which of the following are commonly used as methods of sterilising fresh water? ? 3

Select all that apply:

chlorination

alpha particle treatment

UV treatment

ozonation

#56. On the early Earth, there was a lot of volcanic activity as the planet was cooling down. How can we link this to the formation of the atmosphere?

Assume that volcanic activity is not relevant to the atmosphere and look for other sources of gases

Measure the gases released by volcanoes and compare them to the composition of the atmosphere over time

#57. Will endothermic reactions continue if there is no energy input?

No, even if there are still reactants

Yes, until reactants run out

#58. Fill in the blanks: Electrolysis is a process in which ………. energy from a ………. current supply is used to decompose electrolytes.

Thermal, Direct

Electrical, Alternating

Thermal, Indirect

Electrical, Direct

#59. Greenhouse effect 1) Fill in the blanks: Energy from the sun in the form of …….. hits the Earth’s surface and ……. are emitted back towards the atmosphere.

Visible/infrared waves, infrared waves

Gravitational waves, ultraviolet waves

Sound waves, ocean waves

#60. Complete the following half equation for a reaction the cathode during electrolysis of molten zinc chloride. Zn²⁺ + ….. → Zn

ZnO

2e

Zn

e

#61. Can compounds be pure, for example, carbon dioxide?

no

yes

#62. Which of the following are strong acids?

Select all that apply:

nitric acid

sulfuric acid

hydrochloric acid

ethanoic acid

carbonic acid

boric acid

#63. Which of the following descriptions matches the term molecular formula?

Is the sum of the relative atomic masses

Represents the simplest integer ratio of atoms or ions of each element in a compound

Represents the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

#64. Lead has 4 stable isotopes. ²⁰⁴Pb (abundance – 1.4%), ²⁰⁵Pb (abundance – 24.1%), ²⁰⁷Pb (abundance – 22.1%) and ²⁰⁸Pb (abundance – 52.4%). Calculate the Aᵣ of lead. Answer to 2 decimal places.

#65. Which of these is a fast reaction?

Rusting

Photosynthesis

Explosions

#66. Which type of reaction is photosynthesis?

Exothermic

Ectothermic

Endothermic

#67. Complete the following half equation for a reaction the cathode during electrolysis of molten lead bromide. Pb²⁺ + 2e → …..

Pb

Ld

2Pb

#68. After filtering a mixture containing sand, salt and water using filter paper. What do we call what is left in the filter paper?

Residue

Remainder

Leftovers

#69. Fractional distillation is used to separate which types of materials?

separate soluble materials from insoluble materials

separating soluble compounds

separate different types of liquids

#70. Increasing the concentration of solutions increases the rate of reaction, why is this the case?

When solutions are dilute, there are more particles in the same volume

When solutions are more concentrated, the intermolecular forces become weaker and bonds are more easily broken

More collisions take place because there are more particles in the same volume

#71. Solutions of more than pH 7 are?

alkaline

neutral

acidic

#72. Which of the following items would you need to perform filtration?

Select all that apply:

an evaporating basin

filter funnel

filter paper

a beaker

a tripod

a bunsen burner

gauze

#73. Fill in the blanks: Oxidation refers to the …… of electrons and it occurs at the ……..

Gain, Anode

Gain, Cathode

Loss, Anode

Loss, Cathode

#74. Complete the equation: HCl (aq) → H⁺(aq) + …..

Cl⁻(s)

Cl⁻(aq)

Cl⁻(l)

#75. Why is a spark often needed to start a combustion reaction?

It removes excess nitrogen from the surrounding area, making ignition easier

It provides the activation energy needed

It releases electrons from their shells and they rapidly ignite the fuel

#76. What is the formula for the compound calcium nitrate which is made of calcium and nitrate ions (NO₃⁻)?

Ca(NO₂)₂

Ca(NO₃)₂

CaNO₂

#77. Which of the following describe the composition of a pure substance?

Select all that apply:

Is the same in all parts of the substance - can be either an element or a compound

Is the same in all parts of the substance - can only be an element

is the not the same in all parts of the substance

#78. What is the evidence supporting the idea that there was very little oxygen in the atmosphere in Earth’s early atmosphere?

Select all that apply:

No iron oxide bands in layers of rock are present in deeper (older) layers

Oxygen is not produced by volcanoes

The gravitational field strength of the Earth is not strong enough to hold oxygen in the atmosphere

#79. Why did the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere decrease after the oceans formed?

Carbon dioxide was split by photolysis, producing pure carbon which rained down as a solid.

Carbon dioxide dissolved into the oceans and sea organisms used carbon in their shells as calcium carbonate

Carbon dioxide escaped the atmosphere as the Earth's spin increased in speed, causing an increase the centrifugal force

#80. What is the name of the process by which salt is removed from water?

unsaturation

demicronation

desalination

#81. What are negative ions called?

#82. What is a solution called when it contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a particular temperature?

dilute

flaccid

saturated

#83. What do group 2 atoms do when they bond with group 6 atoms?

lose two neutrons

lose two electrons

gain one proton

gain two electrons

#84. What is the chemical symbol for nitrogen?

#85. When using inert electrodes to perform electrolysis with sodium chloride solution, which products will be produced at the anode and cathode?

Cathode: Hydrogen (H₂) Anode: Hydroxide (OH⁻)

Cathode: Hydrogen (H₂) Anode: Chlorine (Cl₂)

Cathode: Sodium (Na) Anode: Hydroxide (OH⁻)

#86. Are non-metals usually good conductors of heat?

Yes

No

#87. What is the formula for the polyatomic ion carbonate?

CO₃²⁻

OH⁻

SO₃²⁻

NO₃⁻

SO₄²⁻

NH₄⁺

#88. How could we accurately monitor the rate of a reaction? ? Three answers

Select all that apply:

By measuring the concentration of reactants and products throughout a reaction

By measuring the temperature throughout a reaction

By measuring the changes in mass of reactants and products

By measuring the changes in volume of reactants and products

#89. Why is graphite softer than diamond?

Graphite is actually harder than diamond

Graphite is arranged in sheets with weak intermolecular forces holding them together. These can easily slide, making graphite soft.

Graphite is softer because the covalent bonds are weaker between atoms of carbon in graphite than in diamond

#90. What is the formula for nitric acid?

HCL

NaOH

HNO₃

KOH

Ca(OH)₂

H₂SO₄

#91. What is the formula for sodium hydroxide?

H₂SO₄

NaOH

HNO₃

KOH

HCL

Ca(OH)₂

#92. Relative atomic mass used to have a different name. What was that name?

Atomic weight

Relative formula mass

Molecular molar mass

#93. Why does the temperature of a material stay constant during the transition from liquid to gas?

the temperature is not relevant to states of matter

the particles are breaking the bonds with surrounding particles - this takes energy

the particles are figuring out what to do

#94. Which of the following things were hypothesised by John Dalton in 1805? ? select 4 answers

Select all that apply:

atoms cannot be created or destroyed

atoms in elements are identical, but elements have different types of atoms

all matter is made up of tiny spheres called atoms

atoms cannot be broken down into smaller parts

atoms are hard cubes that can be broken down into protons, neutrons and electrons

atoms can be created and destroyed

#95. In 1897 JJ. Thomson did a series of experiments that led to the discovery of which particles?

Alpha particles

Protons

Electrons

Neutrons

GCSE OCR Combined Science B Papers 2 and 6

Results

#1. Are metals usually shiny or dull in colour?

#2. The graph shows a heating curve for substance X (red) and substance Y (blue). Is substance X a pure or impure substance?

#3. Why do historical measurements by humans of global temperature have some uncertainty?

#4. Which of the following are problems that would arise from measuring an extremely slow rate of reaction?

#5. Which of these descriptions best describes fullerenes?

#6. Which of these is a problem with 3D ball and stick models?

#7. What is the name of the phase change from gas to liquid?

#8. What is the chemical symbol for lithium?

#9. Which three particles are atoms composed of?

#10. Alkalis produce an excess of what when they dissolve in water?

#11. Why is diamond hard?

#12. What is the formula for potassium oxide? ? you might need a periodic table to answer this question

#13. Which of these is the mobile phase in paper chromatography?

#14. Are metals usually malleable or brittle?

#15. What does the atomic number of an element mean?

#16. What the the least dense state of matter?

#17. What is the symbol for relative atomic mass?

#18. What is the chemical symbol for potassium?

#19. What is the chemical symbol for iodine?

#20. In which type of reaction would the temperature of a solution increase?

#21. Which of the following descriptions matches the term empirical formula?

#22. Why does diamond not conduct electricity?

#23. What type of substance is pure gold (Au)?

#24. What is the relative mass of a proton?

#25. What is the chemical symbol for helium?

#26. Which of these are common properties of simple molecular (covalent) materials?

#27. What is the name of the phase change from solid to gas?

#28. When using inert electrodes to perform electrolysis with sodium sulfate solution, which products will be produced at the anode and cathode?

#29. During a neutralisation reaction which salt is formed from hydrochloric acid?

#30. Copper can be purified using electrolysis of copper sulfate solution. For this process we use the setup in the image below. Complete the half equation for the reaction at the cathode. Cu²⁺ + 2e →

#31. Which type of reaction takes in energy, making the surroundings cooler?

#32. Are non-metals usually good conductors of electricity?

#33. Why do simple molecules not conduct electricity?

#34. Determine the empirical formula for Cyclopentane – C₅H₁₀?

#35. How do sodium and chlorine atoms bond? ? you might need a periodic table to answer this question

#36. What is the chemical symbol for hydrogen?

#37. Because mixtures contain more than one substance and each has its own melting point, mixtures melt in which way?

#38. What is the name of the phase change from liquid to gas?

#39. When there are more frequent collisions between particles, what will happen to the rate of reaction?

#40. Complete the equation: HCl (aq) + KOH(s) → ….. + …..

#41. Will exothermic reactions continue if there is no energy input?

#42. A paper chromatography experiment is carried out in a lab. The distance moved by the spot was 6cm and the solvent had moved by 8cm. Calculate the Rf value.

#43. When a mixture of rocks, salt and water is filtered, what will be the residue?

#44. Do metals usually have a high or low density?

#45. Calculate the relative formula mass of copper oxide (CuO) to 2 decimal places. Copper Aᵣ = 63.5, Oxygen Aᵣ = 16.

#46. What is the chemical symbol for iron?

#47. What is the formula for the polyatomic ion nitrate?

#48. What is the name of the force that holds together ions in ionic compounds?

#49. Which of the following descriptions matches the Aᵣ of an element?

#50. Copper can be purified using electrolysis of copper sulfate solution. For this process we use the setup in the image below. Complete the half equation for the reaction at the anode. Cu → ….. + …..

#51. What state of matter has particles which are close together and move around each other?

#52. Which of the following descriptions matches the Mᵣ of a compound?

#53. Complete the equation: H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → ….

#54. During a neutralisation reaction which salt is formed from sulfuric acid?

#55. Which of the following are commonly used as methods of sterilising fresh water? ? 3

#56. On the early Earth, there was a lot of volcanic activity as the planet was cooling down. How can we link this to the formation of the atmosphere?

#57. Will endothermic reactions continue if there is no energy input?

#58. Fill in the blanks: Electrolysis is a process in which ………. energy from a ………. current supply is used to decompose electrolytes.

#59. Greenhouse effect 1) Fill in the blanks: Energy from the sun in the form of …….. hits the Earth’s surface and ……. are emitted back towards the atmosphere.

#60. Complete the following half equation for a reaction the cathode during electrolysis of molten zinc chloride. Zn²⁺ + ….. → Zn

#61. Can compounds be pure, for example, carbon dioxide?

#62. Which of the following are strong acids?

#63. Which of the following descriptions matches the term molecular formula?

#64. Lead has 4 stable isotopes. ²⁰⁴Pb (abundance – 1.4%), ²⁰⁵Pb (abundance – 24.1%), ²⁰⁷Pb (abundance – 22.1%) and ²⁰⁸Pb (abundance – 52.4%). Calculate the Aᵣ of lead. Answer to 2 decimal places.

#65. Which of these is a fast reaction?

#66. Which type of reaction is photosynthesis?

#67. Complete the following half equation for a reaction the cathode during electrolysis of molten lead bromide. Pb²⁺ + 2e → …..

#68. After filtering a mixture containing sand, salt and water using filter paper. What do we call what is left in the filter paper?

#69. Fractional distillation is used to separate which types of materials?

#70. Increasing the concentration of solutions increases the rate of reaction, why is this the case?

#71. Solutions of more than pH 7 are?

#72. Which of the following items would you need to perform filtration?

#73. Fill in the blanks: Oxidation refers to the …… of electrons and it occurs at the ……..

#74. Complete the equation: HCl (aq) → H⁺(aq) + …..

#75. Why is a spark often needed to start a combustion reaction?

#76. What is the formula for the compound calcium nitrate which is made of calcium and nitrate ions (NO₃⁻)?

#77. Which of the following describe the composition of a pure substance?

#78. What is the evidence supporting the idea that there was very little oxygen in the atmosphere in Earth’s early atmosphere?