OCR Combined Science B Papers 2 and 6 Automock

#1. Why does diamond not conduct electricity?

Because it has no delocalised electrons

Because it has a very high resistance

#2. Ernest Rutherford fired positive particles at a thin gold foil and showed that most of atoms is empty space. Which particles did he fire at the gold foil?

alpha particles

gamma rays

beta particles

#3. What is an electrolyte?

An ionic compound in a molten or dissolved state

A solvent such as water

A covalent compound in a molten or dissolved state

#4. Energy is transferred between the environment and reactants during a chemical reaction. What form is this energy usually in?

Thermal

Chemical

Electrical

#5. Displacement reactions sometimes occur between a metal and a compound of a less reactive metal. Are these reactions endothermic or exothermic?

Exothermic

Endothermic

#6. Reaction profiles are used to show the energy transfers during reactions. Which type of reaction is shown in this reaction profile?

Ectothermic

Mesothermic

Exothermic

Endothermic

#7. What is the formula for the polyatomic ion carbonate?

NH₄⁺

NO₃⁻

SO₃²⁻

OH⁻

SO₄²⁻

CO₃²⁻

#8. Which types of atoms can be found in a pure piece of gold?

Select all that apply:

gold atoms

trace amounts of other elements

carbon atoms

#9. What do we use fullerenes for?

nanoelectronics, delivery of medicines within the body and strengthening tennis racket frames

as fuel in high performance internal combustion engines and in electric car batteries

#10. True or false – You cannot use physical processes to separate mixtures into different substances.

False

True

#11. What is graphene?

Graphene is the material that forms from the covalent bonding of oxygen and nitrogen

Graphene is a layer of graphite that is one atom thick

Graphene is a small section of a diamond

#12. What is the formula for the polyatomic ion nitrate?

CO₃²⁻

NO₃⁻

NH₄⁺

SO₃²⁻

OH⁻

SO₄²⁻

#13. What is the name of the apparatus used for distillation?

#14. What is the relative mass of a neutron?

1/1840

1

2

#15. How could we accurately monitor the rate of a reaction? ? Three answers

Select all that apply:

By measuring the changes in volume of reactants and products

By measuring the concentration of reactants and products throughout a reaction

By measuring the temperature throughout a reaction

By measuring the changes in mass of reactants and products

#16. What is the chemical symbol for sodium?

#17. Why do we use distilled water for chemical analysis?

tap water contains small amounts of dissolved salts which could contaminate the results

distilled water is warmer so it is better for conducting chemical analysis

distilled water is cheaper than tap water

#18. Solutions of pH 7 are?

alkaline

acidic

neutral

#19. Which of the following are effects of climate change?

Select all that apply:

More extreme weather events (stronger storms, rainfall and droughts)

Extinctions of species unable to migrate or adapt to higher temperatures

Lower pH of oceans due to dissolving carbon dioxide producing carbonic acid

Rising ocean temperatures causing coral bleaching and other adverse effects

Rising sea levels due to ice in the south pole and in glaciers melting

#20. Which of these is the mobile phase in paper chromatography?

the ink

the solvent

the paper

$fractional distillation diagram$

#21. This image shows the apparatus used during fractional distillation. What is function of the fractionating column?

contains glass rods - is hotter at bottom than top - only the desired liquid will reach the condenser

contains glass rods - is hotter at top than bottom - only the desired liquid will reach the condenser

contains glass rods - is the same temperature throughout - only the desired liquid will reach the condenser

#22. Fill in the blanks: Reduction refers to the …… of electrons and it occurs at the ……..

Gain, Cathode

Loss, Cathode

Loss, Anode

Gain, Anode

#23. What is a solution called when it contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a particular temperature?

flaccid

dilute

saturated

#24. Why did the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere decrease after the oceans formed?

Carbon dioxide was split by photolysis, producing pure carbon which rained down as a solid.

Carbon dioxide escaped the atmosphere as the Earth's spin increased in speed, causing an increase the centrifugal force

Carbon dioxide dissolved into the oceans and sea organisms used carbon in their shells as calcium carbonate

#25. What type of substance is pure gold (Au)?

Element

Compound

Mixture

#26. What evidence supports the notion that human activities are contributing to climate change?

Correlation between increases in atmospheric temperatures and historic releases of greenhouse gases, due to combustion of fossil fuels

Gradual climate warming has occurred since the evolution of our species

#27. What the the most dense state of matter?

gases

liquids

solids

plasma

#28. Chemical reactions require a high enough collision energy for reactions to take place. What do we call the minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction?

PR energy

Activation energy

The Introactive energy minimum

Reactionary energy

#29. Solutions of more than pH 7 are?

neutral

acidic

alkaline

#30. How did the oceans form?

Liquid water gradually seeped directly out of the Earths crust, for thousands of years

Water vapour in the atmosphere condensed as the Earth cooled, forming the oceans

Liquid water spontaneously formed when the ammonia and and methane in the atmosphere interacted chemically

#31. What is the formula for calcium hydroxide?

Ca(OH)₂

NaOH

HNO₃

KOH

H₂SO₄

HCL

#32. Which of the following descriptions matches the term empirical formula?

Represents the simplest integer ratio of atoms or ions of each element in a compound

Represents the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Is the sum of the relative atomic masses

#33. Which type of reaction is aerobic respiration?

Exothermic

Mesothermic

Endothermic

Ectothermic

#34. After filtering a mixture containing sand, salt and water using filter paper. What do we call what is left in the filter paper?

Residue

Remainder

Leftovers

#35. What are negative ions called?

#36. True or false. All atoms of the same element have the same atomic number.

True

False

#37. What is a polymer?

A metallic compound

A chain of simple molecules known as monomers

A multidirectional molecule with spikes pointing towards the Earth's poles

#38. Why did the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere increase over time?

Oxygen was released during the Great Oxidation Period from extensive volcanic activity

Plants and other organisms began to perform photosynthesis, producing oxygen gas

Oxygen present in the Earth's mantle, seeped out over time and escaped via deep ocean ridges

#39. Are metals usually malleable or brittle?

Malleable

Brittle

#40. During electrolysis which electrode do anions and cations migrate to?

Anions to the anode, cations to the cathode

Anions to the cathode, cations to the anode

#41. A soluble base is called?

a biscuit

an alkali

an antacid

#42. Determine the empirical formula of glucose – C₆H₁₂O₆.

CH₂O

C₂OH

CHO₂

C₂H₂O

#43. What is the formula for nitric acid?

Ca(OH)₂

KOH

H₂SO₄

NaOH

HNO₃

HCL

#44. Which process can be used to separate water from dissolved salts, whilst keeping both substances?

#45. Complete the equation: H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → ….

OH₂(aq)

H₂O(l)

2H₂O(l)

CO₂(g)

Remember:

acids produce an excess of hydrogen ions

alkalis produce an excess of hydroxide ions

hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions come together to make water which is neutral.

#46. When using inert electrodes to perform electrolysis with sodium sulfate solution, which products will be produced at the anode and cathode?

Cathode: Hydrogen (H₂) Anode: Sulfate (SO₄²⁻)

Cathode: Sodium (Na) Anode: Hydroxide (OH⁻)

Cathode: Hydrogen (H₂) Anode: Hydroxide (OH⁻)

#47. Calcium nitrate contains the polyatomic ion NO₃⁻ (nitrate) and calcium. How many nitrate ions will be needed to make one molecule of calcium nitrate?

3

2

1

#48. Which of the following are strong acids?

Select all that apply:

sulfuric acid

nitric acid

carbonic acid

boric acid

hydrochloric acid

ethanoic acid

#49. What is the symbol for relative atomic mass?

AMᵣ

Aᵣ

Mᵣ

Gᵣ

#50. Which of these are common properties of giant covalent materials?

High melting/boiling points

Low melting/boiling points

Insoluble in water

Conduct electricity

Soluble in water

Do not conduct electricity

#51. Fractional distillation is used to separate which types of materials?

separate different types of liquids

separating soluble compounds

separate soluble materials from insoluble materials

#52. What is the chemical symbol for fluorine?

#53. What is the chemical symbol for gold?

#54. What is the approximate radius of an atom?

1 x 10⁻³

1 x 10⁻¹⁰

1 x 10⁻¹⁵

#55. Why is magnesium a better electrical conductor than sodium?

Group 1 sodium is less electrically conductive because it quickly forms impurities that prevent efficient conduction

Group 2 magnesium has two spare electrons to donate to the delocalised pool, whereas, sodium atoms only have one electron to donate. This means there are more electrons to carry the charge

#56. During a neutralisation reaction which salt is formed from sulfuric acid?

Sulfate

Carbonate

Borate

Nitrate

Chloride

#57. What is the name of the phase change from gas to liquid?

deposition

melting

sublimation

freezing

evaporation/boiling

condensation

#58. Temperature affects the rate of reaction. Which of the following is the correct description of what happens when temperature changes?

Rate of reaction is highest at very high and very low temperatures

As temperature increases, rate of reaction decreases

As temperature increases, rate of reaction increases

#59. What is the chemical symbol for sulfur?

#60. In aqueous solutions such as sodium chloride solution, there will be negatively charged ions from the salt (Cl⁻) as well as hydroxide ions (OH⁻). What is the rule that determines which will be discharged at the anode.

Always the other ions and never the hydroxide

Always the hydroxide regardless of the other ions

Always the hydroxide, unless a halide (group 7) is present.

#61. Why did Ernest Rutherford’s experiments with gold foil demonstrate that most of atoms consists of empty space?

Most of the atoms were deflected or bounced back

Most of the particles were destroyed when they met protons in the nucleus

Most of the atoms passed straight through the foil

#62. Which description best describes a compound?

contains only one type of atom

contains more than one type of atoms, but not chemically bonded together

contains more than one type of atoms, chemically bonded together

#63. Paper chromatography is used to separate which types of materials?

separate soluble materials from insoluble materials

separate different types of liquids

separating soluble compounds

#64. Which of the following items would you need to perform filtration?

Select all that apply:

filter paper

a beaker

gauze

an evaporating basin

filter funnel

a bunsen burner

a tripod

#65. Which type of reaction is photosynthesis?

Ectothermic

Endothermic

Exothermic

#66. The table shows 3 substances and their melting points. Which types of substances could Y be?

Select all that apply:

mixture

compound

element

#67. During a neutralisation reaction which salt is formed from nitric acid?

Chloride

Borate

Carbonate

Nitrate

Sulfate

#68. Are non-metals usually shiny or dull in colour?

Shiny

Dull

#69. What is the formula for the polyatomic ion sulfate?

NH₄⁺

CO₃²⁻

NO₃⁻

SO₃²⁻

SO₄²⁻

OH⁻

#70. Do metals usually have a high or low density?

High density

Low density

#71. Fresh water contains many different contaminants and so must be cleaned before it becomes potable. Which is the correct treatment path?

water from source --> filtration tower --> chlorine added --> water pumped to homes

water from source --> chlorine added --> filtration tower --> sedimentation tank --> storage --> water pumped to homes

water from source --> sedimentation tank --> filtration tower --> chlorine added --> storage --> water pumped to homes

#72. Which of the following describes the Plum Pudding Model of atomic structure?

A central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons at discrete energy levels (shells)

A mass of positively charged material with negatively charged electrons distributed throughout it

#73. Most ionic bonds are formed between which groups?

metals and non-metals

non-metals and non-metals

metals and metals

#74. Which of these is a problem with metallic models?

The model shows the atoms as being too far apart and there are no sticks

They do not show how the structure formed and suggest that the electrons in different atoms are different, but they are actually the same

The model does not show that the ions will be constantly vibrating

#75. What is the chemical symbol for helium?

#76. What is the electronic configuration of a nitrogen atom? ? you might need a periodic table to answer this question

2,5

2,7

2,8,5

#77. What is the name of the phase change from solid to liquid?

evaporation/boiling

condensation

sublimation

freezing

melting

deposition

#78. What is the chemical symbol for radon?

#79. What type of substance is the air?

Select all that apply:

Mixture

Element

Compound

#80. Complete the following equation describing a reaction with a metal and an acid: metal + acid → …. + ….

Select all that apply:

oxygen

electrons

salt

hydrogen

#81. Which scientist proposed the Plum Pudding Model?

John Dalton

JJ. Thomson

Ernest Rutherford

#82. In which type of reaction would the temperature of a solution increase?

Mesothermic

Ectothermic

Endothermic

Exothermic

#83. Oxygen is in group 6 and fluorine is in group 7. How many fluorine atoms bond with one oxygen atom?

#84. What is the charge of a neutron?

-1

+1

0

#85. What is the chemical symbol for carbon?

#86. What is the chemical symbol for nitrogen?

#87. What is the approximate radius of a nucleus?

1 x 10⁻⁴

1 x 10⁻¹⁵

1 x 10⁻³

1 x 10⁻⁵

#88. Which type of reaction transfers energy to the surroundings?

Mesothermic

Exothermic

Endothermic

#89. Can compounds be pure, for example, carbon dioxide?

yes

no

#90. Why does graphite conduct electricity?

Because it has only three covalent bonds, leaving one delocalised electron from each atom. These electrons are able to carry the charge.

Because it has more protons than electrons, this gives it a positive charge and enables it to carry a charge

#91. What is the charge of an electron?

-1

0

+1

#92. Why does the temperature of a material stay constant during the transition from liquid to gas?

the particles are figuring out what to do

the temperature is not relevant to states of matter

the particles are breaking the bonds with surrounding particles - this takes energy

#93. What is the mass number of an element?

the number of protons plus neutrons

the total number of subatomic particles in an atom

#94. Relative atomic mass used to have a different name. What was that name?

Atomic weight

Relative formula mass

Molecular molar mass

#95. Why are metals malleable?

Because metal atoms themselves are compressible and are moulded into shape

Because the layers of metal slide across each other, rather than breaking the bonds between ions

Because metal ions constantly break and reform their bonds, allowing the shape to be moulded

GCSE OCR Combined Science B Papers 2 and 6

Results

#1. Why does diamond not conduct electricity?

#2. Ernest Rutherford fired positive particles at a thin gold foil and showed that most of atoms is empty space. Which particles did he fire at the gold foil?

#3. What is an electrolyte?

#4. Energy is transferred between the environment and reactants during a chemical reaction. What form is this energy usually in?

#5. Displacement reactions sometimes occur between a metal and a compound of a less reactive metal. Are these reactions endothermic or exothermic?

#6. Reaction profiles are used to show the energy transfers during reactions. Which type of reaction is shown in this reaction profile?

#7. What is the formula for the polyatomic ion carbonate?

#8. Which types of atoms can be found in a pure piece of gold?

#9. What do we use fullerenes for?

#10. True or false – You cannot use physical processes to separate mixtures into different substances.

#11. What is graphene?

#12. What is the formula for the polyatomic ion nitrate?

#13. What is the name of the apparatus used for distillation?

#14. What is the relative mass of a neutron?

#15. How could we accurately monitor the rate of a reaction? ? Three answers

#16. What is the chemical symbol for sodium?

#17. Why do we use distilled water for chemical analysis?

#18. Solutions of pH 7 are?

#19. Which of the following are effects of climate change?

#20. Which of these is the mobile phase in paper chromatography?

#21. This image shows the apparatus used during fractional distillation. What is function of the fractionating column?

#22. Fill in the blanks: Reduction refers to the …… of electrons and it occurs at the ……..

#23. What is a solution called when it contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a particular temperature?

#24. Why did the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere decrease after the oceans formed?

#25. What type of substance is pure gold (Au)?

#26. What evidence supports the notion that human activities are contributing to climate change?

#27. What the the most dense state of matter?

#28. Chemical reactions require a high enough collision energy for reactions to take place. What do we call the minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction?

#29. Solutions of more than pH 7 are?

#30. How did the oceans form?

#31. What is the formula for calcium hydroxide?

#32. Which of the following descriptions matches the term empirical formula?

#33. Which type of reaction is aerobic respiration?

#34. After filtering a mixture containing sand, salt and water using filter paper. What do we call what is left in the filter paper?

#35. What are negative ions called?

#36. True or false. All atoms of the same element have the same atomic number.

#37. What is a polymer?

#38. Why did the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere increase over time?

#39. Are metals usually malleable or brittle?

#40. During electrolysis which electrode do anions and cations migrate to?

#41. A soluble base is called?

#42. Determine the empirical formula of glucose – C₆H₁₂O₆.

#43. What is the formula for nitric acid?

#44. Which process can be used to separate water from dissolved salts, whilst keeping both substances?

#45. Complete the equation: H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → ….

#46. When using inert electrodes to perform electrolysis with sodium sulfate solution, which products will be produced at the anode and cathode?

#47. Calcium nitrate contains the polyatomic ion NO₃⁻ (nitrate) and calcium. How many nitrate ions will be needed to make one molecule of calcium nitrate?

#48. Which of the following are strong acids?

#49. What is the symbol for relative atomic mass?

#50. Which of these are common properties of giant covalent materials?

#51. Fractional distillation is used to separate which types of materials?

#52. What is the chemical symbol for fluorine?

#53. What is the chemical symbol for gold?

#54. What is the approximate radius of an atom?

#55. Why is magnesium a better electrical conductor than sodium?

#56. During a neutralisation reaction which salt is formed from sulfuric acid?

#57. What is the name of the phase change from gas to liquid?

#58. Temperature affects the rate of reaction. Which of the following is the correct description of what happens when temperature changes?

#59. What is the chemical symbol for sulfur?

#60. In aqueous solutions such as sodium chloride solution, there will be negatively charged ions from the salt (Cl⁻) as well as hydroxide ions (OH⁻). What is the rule that determines which will be discharged at the anode.

#61. Why did Ernest Rutherford’s experiments with gold foil demonstrate that most of atoms consists of empty space?

#62. Which description best describes a compound?

#63. Paper chromatography is used to separate which types of materials?

#64. Which of the following items would you need to perform filtration?

#65. Which type of reaction is photosynthesis?

#66. The table shows 3 substances and their melting points. Which types of substances could Y be?

#67. During a neutralisation reaction which salt is formed from nitric acid?

#68. Are non-metals usually shiny or dull in colour?

#69. What is the formula for the polyatomic ion sulfate?

#70. Do metals usually have a high or low density?

#71. Fresh water contains many different contaminants and so must be cleaned before it becomes potable. Which is the correct treatment path?

#72. Which of the following describes the Plum Pudding Model of atomic structure?

#73. Most ionic bonds are formed between which groups?

#74. Which of these is a problem with metallic models?

#75. What is the chemical symbol for helium?

#76. What is the electronic configuration of a nitrogen atom? ? you might need a periodic table to answer this question

#77. What is the name of the phase change from solid to liquid?

#78. What is the chemical symbol for radon?