GCSE OCR Chemistry B Paper 2 Automarked

#1. Complete the equation: NaOH(aq) → Na⁺(aq) + ….

HO⁻(aq)

OH⁻(aq)

NO⁻(aq)

#2. Do non-metals usually have a high or low density?

High

Low

#3. Surface area to volume ratio affects rate of reaction. Why is that the case?

With lower surface area to volume ratio, objects are much hotter and travel faster

With higher surface area to volume ratio, there is more surface where collisions can take place

With higher surface area to volume ratio, the overall temperature of reactants is lower, this leads to increased collision impact when struck

#4. What is the chemical symbol for sodium?

#5. When there are more frequent collisions between particles, what will happen to the rate of reaction?

It will increase

It will decrease

It will stay the same

#6. What are giant covalent structures?

a structure where each atom has a covalent bond to its neighbour

Ionically bonded substances such as sodium bromide

a compound which contains atoms covalently bonded together, but with weak intermolecular forces between molecules

#7. During a neutralisation reaction which salt is formed from nitric acid?

Chloride

Borate

Carbonate

Sulfate

Nitrate

#8. What is the chemical symbol for radium?

#9. What type of substance is pure gold (Au)?

Element

Compound

Mixture

#10. What type of substance is carbon dioxide (CO₂ )?

Mixture

Compound

Element

#11. Which of the following descriptions matches the Mᵣ of a compound?

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms

The mean mass of an atom compared with carbon-12

The sum of the relative atomic masses of all of the atoms or ions in its formula

#12. H₂SO₄(aq) + Na₂O(s) → …. + ….

Select all that apply:

MgOH

NaOH

Na₂SO₄(aq)

2H₂O (l)

H₂O (l)

#13. Strong acids do what in water? ? two words

#14. What is the chemical symbol for calcium?

#15. What type of substance is the air?

Select all that apply:

Element

Mixture

Compound

#16. What is the approximate radius of a nucleus?

1 x 10⁻¹⁵

1 x 10⁻³

1 x 10⁻⁴

1 x 10⁻⁵

#17. What is the charge of a neutron?

0

-1

+1

#18. Match the following description to the correct term. X is a mixture made of dissolved substances in a liquid.

solute

solvent

solution

#19. Iron is turned into iron oxide when exposed to the air. This is a process also known as rusting. Is the rate of reaction fast or slow in rusting?

Fast

Slow

#20. Complete the equation: H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → ….

2H₂O(l)

H₂O(l)

CO₂(g)

OH₂(aq)

Remember:

acids produce an excess of hydrogen ions

alkalis produce an excess of hydroxide ions

hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions come together to make water which is neutral.

#21. What is the relative mass of a neutron?

1/1840

1

2

#22. What is the chemical symbol for phosphorus?

#23. Why is graphite softer than diamond?

Graphite is arranged in sheets with weak intermolecular forces holding them together. These can easily slide, making graphite soft.

Graphite is softer because the covalent bonds are weaker between atoms of carbon in graphite than in diamond

Graphite is actually harder than diamond

#24. Are metals usually malleable or brittle?

Malleable

Brittle

#25. Complete the following equation: MgO (s) + H₂SO₄ (aq) → …. + ….

Select all that apply:

MgSO₄ (aq)

MgS (g)

HO (l)

MgS₂

H₂O (l)

Neutralisation reactions follow the general structure –

metal oxide acid = salt water

the acid produces hydrogen ions and the metal oxide produces oxide ions – these combine to make the water

the salt is comprised of the remaining products – the metal and the other element from the acid

in this case, the other element is chlorine

The naming convention is to put the metal first for the salt created

#26. What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?

#27. Reaction profiles are used to show the energy transfers during reactions. Which type of reaction is shown in this reaction profile?

Mesothermic

Ectothermic

Exothermic

Endothermic

#28. What is the name of the force that holds together ions in ionic compounds?

weak nuclear force

electrostatic force

gravity

strong nuclear force

#29. Fill in the gap. Metal atoms bond forming a giant ……… of ions.

Lettuce

Anchor

Lattice

Ball

#30. Greenhouse effect 2) Fill in the blanks: Greenhouse gases such as ……….. , …………. and ……….. absorb infrared radiation from the Earth and re-emit it back to the Earth’s surface, causing warming.

Carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapour

Carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour

Carbon dioxide, water vapour and nitrogen

#31. Which of the following are weak acids?

Select all that apply:

boric acid

ethanoic acid

carbonic acid

hydrochloric acid

nitric acid

sulfuric acid

#32. What is the formula for sulfuric acid?

Ca(OH)₂

HCL

KOH

HNO₃

H₂SO₄

NaOH

#33. When using inert electrodes to perform electrolysis with sodium sulfate solution, which products will be produced at the anode and cathode?

Cathode: Hydrogen (H₂) Anode: Sulfate (SO₄²⁻)

Cathode: Sodium (Na) Anode: Hydroxide (OH⁻)

Cathode: Hydrogen (H₂) Anode: Hydroxide (OH⁻)

#34. Why may our attempts to mitigate the effects of climate change cause further damage to the environment?

Vulnerable ecosystems may be disrupted in our attempts to improve conditions for humans

Animals and plants will resist the efforts we take to help them causing distress and loss of ecological productivity

Unexpected consequences often follow when we interrupt complex systems that do not fully understand e.g. the atmosphere

#35. After paper chromatography has been carried out, the paper is known as?

a still

a chromatogram

a wet piece of paper

#36. Which of the following are effects of climate change?

Select all that apply:

Rising ocean temperatures causing coral bleaching and other adverse effects

Lower pH of oceans due to dissolving carbon dioxide producing carbonic acid

More extreme weather events (stronger storms, rainfall and droughts)

Rising sea levels due to ice in the south pole and in glaciers melting

Extinctions of species unable to migrate or adapt to higher temperatures

#37. Are non-metals usually malleable or brittle?

Brittle

Malleable

#38. Complete the following half equation for a reaction the cathode during electrolysis of molten zinc chloride. Zn²⁺ + ….. → Zn

2e

Zn

ZnO

e

#39. A soluble base is called?

an alkali

a biscuit

an antacid

#40. Fill in the blanks: Reduction refers to the …… of electrons and it occurs at the ……..

Gain, Cathode

Loss, Cathode

Loss, Anode

Gain, Anode

#41. Which of the following descriptions matches the Aᵣ of an element?

The sum of the relative atomic masses of all of the atoms or ions in its formula

The mean mass of an atom compared with carbon-12

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms

#42. What is the current composition of the Earth’s atmosphere?

78% oxygen, 21% nitrogen, 0.9% argon, and 0.1% other gases

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.9% argon, and 0.1% other gases

78% carbon dioxide, 21% oxygen, 0.9% argon, and 0.1% other gases

#43. Which type of reaction is photosynthesis?

Ectothermic

Exothermic

Endothermic

#44. Neutralisation reactions which occur between an acid and a base are always:

Endothermic

Exothermic

#45. Which geological process formed Earth’s atmosphere?

Volcanism

Continental drift

Earthquakes

Glaciation

#46. What is the chemical symbol for silver?

#47. What the the most dense state of matter?

solids

plasma

liquids

gases

#48. Will endothermic reactions continue if there is no energy input?

No, even if there are still reactants

Yes, until reactants run out

#49. What is the chemical symbol for sulfur?

#50. Which of the following are strong acids?

Select all that apply:

hydrochloric acid

boric acid

sulfuric acid

carbonic acid

ethanoic acid

nitric acid

#51. Is water an example of a covalent compound?

Yes

No

#52. What is the formula for nitric acid?

HNO₃

Ca(OH)₂

NaOH

HCL

H₂SO₄

KOH

#53. Which of the following is the chemical test for oxygen?

Oxygen is bubbled through limewater and it turns cloudy when oxygen is present

An audible squeaky pop is heard when a lit splint is exposed to a test tube full of oxygen

A glowing splint is relit in a test tube filled with oxygen

#54. Relative atomic mass used to have a different name. What was that name?

Molecular molar mass

Atomic weight

Relative formula mass

#55. True or false – You cannot use physical processes to separate mixtures into different substances.

False

True

#56. Why did the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere decrease after the oceans formed?

Carbon dioxide was split by photolysis, producing pure carbon which rained down as a solid.

Carbon dioxide dissolved into the oceans and sea organisms used carbon in their shells as calcium carbonate

Carbon dioxide escaped the atmosphere as the Earth's spin increased in speed, causing an increase the centrifugal force

#57. The table shows 3 substances and their melting points. What common substance, in particular, could substance Z be?

#58. What is a solution called when it contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a particular temperature?

saturated

flaccid

dilute

#59. What state of matter has particles which are close together and vibrate around fixed positions?

liquids

gases

solids

#60. What state of matter has particles which are close together and move around each other?

gases

solids

liquids

#61. What is the evidence supporting the idea that there was very little oxygen in the atmosphere in Earth’s early atmosphere?

Select all that apply:

The gravitational field strength of the Earth is not strong enough to hold oxygen in the atmosphere

Oxygen is not produced by volcanoes

No iron oxide bands in layers of rock are present in deeper (older) layers

#62. Which of these reasons explains why temperature affects rate of reaction?

Reactant particles are unaffected by temperature, but the bonds at higher temperatures become weaker leading to an increased rate of reaction

Reactant particles at higher temperatures move more quickly, collide more often and with enough energy to react

Reactant particles at lower temperatures are struck by rapidly moving electrons, causing the reaction to happen faster

#63. Which human activities cause increases in the greenhouse gases – carbon dioxide and methane?

Select all that apply:

Livestock farming

Burning fossil fuels

Planting trees

#64. When using inert electrodes to perform electrolysis with copper chloride solution, which products will be produced at the anode and cathode?

Cathode: Copper (Cu) Anode: Hydrogen (H₂)

Cathode: Copper (Cu) Anode: Chlorine (Cl₂)

Cathode: Hydrogen (H₂) Anode: Chlorine (Cl₂)

Cathode: Copper (Cu) Anode: Chlorine (OH⁻)

#65. Calcium nitrate contains the polyatomic ion NO₃⁻ (nitrate) and calcium. How many nitrate ions will be needed to make one molecule of calcium nitrate?

3

1

2

#66. Are metals usually good conductors of heat?

No

Yes

#67. Acids produce an excess of what when they dissolve in water?

hydrogen ions

carbonate ions

sulfate ions

hydroxide ions

#68. Oxygen is in group 6 and fluorine is in group 7. How many fluorine atoms bond with one oxygen atom?

#69. What is the chemical symbol for potassium?

#70. Why do we use distilled water for chemical analysis?

distilled water is warmer so it is better for conducting chemical analysis

tap water contains small amounts of dissolved salts which could contaminate the results

distilled water is cheaper than tap water

#71. What is the symbol for relative atomic mass?

Aᵣ

AMᵣ

Mᵣ

Gᵣ

#72. Are non-metals usually good conductors of electricity?

Yes

No

#73. What is the formula for calcium hydroxide?

NaOH

HNO₃

HCL

Ca(OH)₂

KOH

H₂SO₄

#74. Complete the equation: HCl (aq) → H⁺(aq) + …..

Cl⁻(aq)

Cl⁻(l)

Cl⁻(s)

#75. Can compounds be pure, for example, carbon dioxide?

yes

no

#76. Complete the following equation describing a reaction with a metal carbonate and an acid: metal carbonate + acid → …. + …. + ….

Select all that apply:

salt

oxygen

water

carbon dioxide

ozone

#77. Which of these is the stationary phase in paper chromatography?

the solvent

the ink

the paper

#78. Hydrogen has two stable isotopes, ¹H (abundance – 99.972%) and ²H (abundance – 0.001%). Calculate the Aᵣ of hydrogen. Answer to 3 decimal places.

#79. Are gases fluids?

No

Yes

#80. Chlorine has two stable isotopes, ³⁵Cl (75.77%) and ³⁷Cl (24.23%). Calculate the Aᵣ of chlorine to 2 decimal places.

#81. What is the chemical symbol for gold?

#82. What is the formula for the polyatomic ion ammonium?

CO₃²⁻

NO₃⁻

OH⁻

SO₄²⁻

NH₄⁺

SO₃²⁻

#83. What is the relative mass of a proton?

2

1

1/1840

#84. The distance travelled by a spot is determined by the solubility of the compound. How does solubility impact distance travelled?

More soluble - greater distance

More soluble - shorter distance

#85. Why is there a minimum energy required for reactions to occur?

High energies cause spontaneous rearrangement of particles without impacts between them

High collision energies are more likely to break chemical bonds

#86. Filtration and crystallisation are used to separate which types of materials?

separating soluble compounds

separate soluble materials from insoluble materials

separate different types of liquids

#87. What is the chemical symbol for lithium?

#88. Which type of reaction transfers energy to the surroundings?

Mesothermic

Endothermic

Exothermic

#89. What is the chemical symbol for copper?

#90. Which of the following was the Rutherford Model of atomic structure?

A mass of positively charged material with negatively charged electrons distributed throughout it

A central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons

GCSE OCR Chemistry B Paper 2

Results

#1. Complete the equation: NaOH(aq) → Na⁺(aq) + ….

#2. Do non-metals usually have a high or low density?

#3. Surface area to volume ratio affects rate of reaction. Why is that the case?

#4. What is the chemical symbol for sodium?

#5. When there are more frequent collisions between particles, what will happen to the rate of reaction?

#6. What are giant covalent structures?

#7. During a neutralisation reaction which salt is formed from nitric acid?

#8. What is the chemical symbol for radium?

#9. What type of substance is pure gold (Au)?

#10. What type of substance is carbon dioxide (CO₂ )?

#11. Which of the following descriptions matches the Mᵣ of a compound?

#12. H₂SO₄(aq) + Na₂O(s) → …. + ….

#13. Strong acids do what in water? ? two words

#14. What is the chemical symbol for calcium?

#15. What type of substance is the air?

#16. What is the approximate radius of a nucleus?

#17. What is the charge of a neutron?

#18. Match the following description to the correct term. X is a mixture made of dissolved substances in a liquid.

#19. Iron is turned into iron oxide when exposed to the air. This is a process also known as rusting. Is the rate of reaction fast or slow in rusting?

#20. Complete the equation: H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → ….

#21. What is the relative mass of a neutron?

#22. What is the chemical symbol for phosphorus?

#23. Why is graphite softer than diamond?

#24. Are metals usually malleable or brittle?

#25. Complete the following equation: MgO (s) + H₂SO₄ (aq) → …. + ….

#26. What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?

#27. Reaction profiles are used to show the energy transfers during reactions. Which type of reaction is shown in this reaction profile?

#28. What is the name of the force that holds together ions in ionic compounds?

#29. Fill in the gap. Metal atoms bond forming a giant ……… of ions.

#30. Greenhouse effect 2) Fill in the blanks: Greenhouse gases such as ……….. , …………. and ……….. absorb infrared radiation from the Earth and re-emit it back to the Earth’s surface, causing warming.

#31. Which of the following are weak acids?

#32. What is the formula for sulfuric acid?

#33. When using inert electrodes to perform electrolysis with sodium sulfate solution, which products will be produced at the anode and cathode?

#34. Why may our attempts to mitigate the effects of climate change cause further damage to the environment?

#35. After paper chromatography has been carried out, the paper is known as?

#36. Which of the following are effects of climate change?

#37. Are non-metals usually malleable or brittle?

#38. Complete the following half equation for a reaction the cathode during electrolysis of molten zinc chloride. Zn²⁺ + ….. → Zn

#39. A soluble base is called?

#40. Fill in the blanks: Reduction refers to the …… of electrons and it occurs at the ……..

#41. Which of the following descriptions matches the Aᵣ of an element?

#42. What is the current composition of the Earth’s atmosphere?

#43. Which type of reaction is photosynthesis?

#44. Neutralisation reactions which occur between an acid and a base are always:

#45. Which geological process formed Earth’s atmosphere?

#46. What is the chemical symbol for silver?

#47. What the the most dense state of matter?

#48. Will endothermic reactions continue if there is no energy input?

#49. What is the chemical symbol for sulfur?

#50. Which of the following are strong acids?

#51. Is water an example of a covalent compound?

#52. What is the formula for nitric acid?

#53. Which of the following is the chemical test for oxygen?

#54. Relative atomic mass used to have a different name. What was that name?

#55. True or false – You cannot use physical processes to separate mixtures into different substances.

#56. Why did the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere decrease after the oceans formed?

#57. The table shows 3 substances and their melting points. What common substance, in particular, could substance Z be?

#58. What is a solution called when it contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a particular temperature?

#59. What state of matter has particles which are close together and vibrate around fixed positions?

#60. What state of matter has particles which are close together and move around each other?

#61. What is the evidence supporting the idea that there was very little oxygen in the atmosphere in Earth’s early atmosphere?

#62. Which of these reasons explains why temperature affects rate of reaction?

#63. Which human activities cause increases in the greenhouse gases – carbon dioxide and methane?

#64. When using inert electrodes to perform electrolysis with copper chloride solution, which products will be produced at the anode and cathode?

#65. Calcium nitrate contains the polyatomic ion NO₃⁻ (nitrate) and calcium. How many nitrate ions will be needed to make one molecule of calcium nitrate?

#66. Are metals usually good conductors of heat?

#67. Acids produce an excess of what when they dissolve in water?

#68. Oxygen is in group 6 and fluorine is in group 7. How many fluorine atoms bond with one oxygen atom?

#69. What is the chemical symbol for potassium?

#70. Why do we use distilled water for chemical analysis?

#71. What is the symbol for relative atomic mass?

#72. Are non-metals usually good conductors of electricity?

#73. What is the formula for calcium hydroxide?

#74. Complete the equation: HCl (aq) → H⁺(aq) + …..

#75. Can compounds be pure, for example, carbon dioxide?

#76. Complete the following equation describing a reaction with a metal carbonate and an acid: metal carbonate + acid → …. + …. + ….

#77. Which of these is the stationary phase in paper chromatography?

#78. Hydrogen has two stable isotopes, ¹H (abundance – 99.972%) and ²H (abundance – 0.001%). Calculate the Aᵣ of hydrogen. Answer to 3 decimal places.