GCSE OCR Chemistry B Paper 1 Automarked

#1. What type of substance is carbon dioxide (CO₂ )?

Element

Compound

Mixture

#2. What is the name of the phase change from solid to liquid?

condensation

freezing

melting

sublimation

evaporation/boiling

deposition

#3. How could we accurately monitor the rate of a reaction? ? Three answers

Select all that apply:

By measuring the concentration of reactants and products throughout a reaction

By measuring the changes in volume of reactants and products

By measuring the changes in mass of reactants and products

By measuring the temperature throughout a reaction

#4. Copper can be purified using electrolysis of copper sulfate solution. For this process we use the setup in the image below. Complete the half equation for the reaction at the anode. Cu → ….. + …..

Cu⁺ + e

SO₃²⁻ + 2e

Cu²⁺ + 2e

#5. Complete the equation: HCl (aq) → H⁺(aq) + …..

Cl⁻(s)

Cl⁻(l)

Cl⁻(aq)

#6. Why is graphite softer than diamond?

Graphite is actually harder than diamond

Graphite is arranged in sheets with weak intermolecular forces holding them together. These can easily slide, making graphite soft.

Graphite is softer because the covalent bonds are weaker between atoms of carbon in graphite than in diamond

#7. Which of the following are strong acids?

Select all that apply:

hydrochloric acid

sulfuric acid

carbonic acid

ethanoic acid

nitric acid

boric acid

#8. Why may our attempts to mitigate the effects of climate change cause further damage to the environment?

Unexpected consequences often follow when we interrupt complex systems that do not fully understand e.g. the atmosphere

Vulnerable ecosystems may be disrupted in our attempts to improve conditions for humans

Animals and plants will resist the efforts we take to help them causing distress and loss of ecological productivity

#9. What do group 2 atoms do when they bond with group 6 atoms?

gain one proton

lose two electrons

lose two neutrons

gain two electrons

#10. What state of matter has particles which are close together and move around each other?

liquids

gases

solids

#11. What is the formula for calcium hydroxide?

HNO₃

HCL

H₂SO₄

KOH

Ca(OH)₂

NaOH

#12. Fill in the blanks: Reduction refers to the …… of electrons and it occurs at the ……..

Gain, Anode

Gain, Cathode

Loss, Anode

Loss, Cathode

#13. Can compounds be pure, for example, carbon dioxide?

yes

no

#14. Determine the empirical formula for Cyclopentane – C₅H₁₀?

CH₂

CH₄

2CH

C₂H₂

#15. Which of the following items would you need to perform crystallisation by heating? ? 6 items

Select all that apply:

an evaporating basin

filter funnel

tripod

filter paper

a beaker

a heatproof mat

a bunsen burner

gauze

#16. Why is there a minimum energy required for reactions to occur?

High collision energies are more likely to break chemical bonds

High energies cause spontaneous rearrangement of particles without impacts between them

#17. What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?

KOH

Ca(OH)₂

NaOH

HCL

HNO₃

H₂SO₄

#18. Fill in the blanks: Electrolysis is a process in which ………. energy from a ………. current supply is used to decompose electrolytes.

Electrical, Alternating

Thermal, Direct

Electrical, Direct

Thermal, Indirect

#19. Does increasing the pressure of gases increase the rate of reaction?

Sometimes

Yes

No

#20. How could you separate a mixture of sand and salt?

use paper chromatography to separate the sand from the salt

fill a container with water to dissolve the salt, then filter out the sand and evaporate the water

add water and then use fractional distillation to separate the sand and water and you will be left with the salt

#21. Why did the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere decrease after the oceans formed?

Carbon dioxide was split by photolysis, producing pure carbon which rained down as a solid.

Carbon dioxide dissolved into the oceans and sea organisms used carbon in their shells as calcium carbonate

Carbon dioxide escaped the atmosphere as the Earth's spin increased in speed, causing an increase the centrifugal force

#22. What is the chemical symbol for sodium?

#23. Temperature affects the rate of reaction. Which of the following is the correct description of what happens when temperature changes?

As temperature increases, rate of reaction decreases

As temperature increases, rate of reaction increases

Rate of reaction is highest at very high and very low temperatures

#24. What is the name of the process by which salt is removed from water?

desalination

demicronation

unsaturation

#25. Which of the following things were hypothesised by John Dalton in 1805? ? select 4 answers

Select all that apply:

atoms cannot be created or destroyed

all matter is made up of tiny spheres called atoms

atoms in elements are identical, but elements have different types of atoms

atoms can be created and destroyed

atoms cannot be broken down into smaller parts

atoms are hard cubes that can be broken down into protons, neutrons and electrons

#26. Filtration and crystallisation are used to separate which types of materials?

separating soluble compounds

separate soluble materials from insoluble materials

separate different types of liquids

#27. Determine the empirical formula of glucose – C₆H₁₂O₆.

CHO₂

C₂OH

CH₂O

C₂H₂O

#28. Are metals usually good conductors of electricity?

Yes

No

#29. Why do we use distilled water for chemical analysis?

distilled water is cheaper than tap water

tap water contains small amounts of dissolved salts which could contaminate the results

distilled water is warmer so it is better for conducting chemical analysis

#30. What does the atomic number of an element mean?

The number of electrons in shells surrounding the nucleus

The number of protons in its nucleus

The number of neutrons in its nucleus

#31. Complete the following equation describing a reaction with a metal carbonate and an acid: metal carbonate + acid → …. + …. + ….

Select all that apply:

carbon dioxide

ozone

salt

water

oxygen

#32. Which of the following examples matches the composition of Earth’s early atmosphere?

Mainly water vapour, some oxygen, little or no carbon dioxide and small amounts of other gases

Mainly oxygen, some water vapour, little or no carbon dioxide and small amounts of other gases

Mainly carbon dioxide, some water vapour, little or no oxygen and small amounts of other gases

#33. Which scientist proposed the Plum Pudding Model?

JJ. Thomson

Ernest Rutherford

John Dalton

#34. Which geological process formed Earth’s atmosphere?

Continental drift

Volcanism

Earthquakes

Glaciation

#35. Greenhouse effect 2) Fill in the blanks: Greenhouse gases such as ……….. , …………. and ……….. absorb infrared radiation from the Earth and re-emit it back to the Earth’s surface, causing warming.

Carbon dioxide, water vapour and nitrogen

Carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapour

Carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour

#36. Which of these are common properties of simple molecular (covalent) materials?

Select all that apply:

do not conduct electricity

low melting/boiling points

are good conductors of electricity

high melting/boiling points

#37. What is a polymer?

A multidirectional molecule with spikes pointing towards the Earth's poles

A chain of simple molecules known as monomers

A metallic compound

#38. What is a simple molecular structure?

a giant structure where each atom has a covalent bond to its neighbour

Ionically bonded substances such as sodium bromide

a compound which contains atoms covalently bonded together, but with weak intermolecular forces between molecules

#39. What is the relative mass of a proton?

2

1

1/1840

#40. During a neutralisation reaction which salt is formed from hydrochloric acid?

nitrate

borate

chloride

sulfate

carbonate

#41. Complete the following equation describing a neutralisation reaction with a metal oxide: metal oxide + acid → …. + ….

Select all that apply:

positrons

a different acid

water

salt

electrons

#42. Which of the following are the main sources of drinking water in the UK?

Select all that apply:

lakes

rivers

seawater

aquifers

#43. What is the current composition of the Earth’s atmosphere?

78% carbon dioxide, 21% oxygen, 0.9% argon, and 0.1% other gases

78% oxygen, 21% nitrogen, 0.9% argon, and 0.1% other gases

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.9% argon, and 0.1% other gases

#44. Reaction profiles are used to show the energy transfers during reactions. Which type of reaction is shown in this reaction profile?

Mesothermic

Exothermic

Ectothermic

Endothermic

#45. What is the chemical symbol for nitrogen?

#46. Why is diamond hard?

Diamond is hard because carbon atom is covalently bonded to 4 other carbon atoms, in a tetrahedral arrangement.

Diamond is hard because it is composed of particular isotopes of carbon with extra neutrons, making the material more dense

Diamond is hard because it is made of ionically bonded carbon atoms.

#47. The melting point of gallium is 29.8˚C and the boiling point is 2204˚C. What state is gallium at 25˚C?

gas

solid

liquid

#48. What is the formula for sodium hydroxide?

NaOH

Ca(OH)₂

HNO₃

H₂SO₄

KOH

HCL

#49. What is the chemical symbol for iodine?

#50. What is a solution called when it contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a particular temperature?

dilute

saturated

flaccid

#51. What is the chemical symbol for carbon?

#52. Why is a spark often needed to start a combustion reaction?

It provides the activation energy needed

It releases electrons from their shells and they rapidly ignite the fuel

It removes excess nitrogen from the surrounding area, making ignition easier

#53. During a neutralisation reaction which salt is formed from nitric acid?

Sulfate

Carbonate

Nitrate

Chloride

Borate

#54. What is the formula for the polyatomic ion hydroxide?

NH₄⁺

OH⁻

CO₃²⁻

SO₄²⁻

NO₃⁻

SO₃²⁻

#55. Fill in the blanks: Oxidation refers to the …… of electrons and it occurs at the ……..

Gain, Anode

Loss, Cathode

Gain, Cathode

Loss, Anode

#56. What is the chemical symbol for hydrogen?

#57. True or false – Precipitation reactions can be either exothermic or endothermic.

True

False

#58. Are metals usually shiny or dull in colour?

dull

shiny

#59. On the early Earth, there was a lot of volcanic activity as the planet was cooling down. How can we link this to the formation of the atmosphere?

Assume that volcanic activity is not relevant to the atmosphere and look for other sources of gases

Measure the gases released by volcanoes and compare them to the composition of the atmosphere over time

#60. When using inert electrodes to perform electrolysis with sodium chloride solution, which products will be produced at the anode and cathode?

Cathode: Sodium (Na) Anode: Hydroxide (OH⁻)

Cathode: Hydrogen (H₂) Anode: Chlorine (Cl₂)

Cathode: Hydrogen (H₂) Anode: Hydroxide (OH⁻)

#61. What is the electronic configuration of a nitrogen atom? ? you might need a periodic table to answer this question

2,5

2,7

2,8,5

#62. What is the chemical symbol for fluorine?

#63. What is the name of the phase change from liquid to gas?

condensation

melting

freezing

deposition

sublimation

evaporation/boiling

#64. The graph shows a heating curve for substance X (red) and substance Y (blue). Is substance Y a pure or impure substance?

Impure

Pure

#65. What is the name of the phase change from gas to solid?

sublimation

deposition

melting

freezing

condensation

evaporation/boiling

#66. During Ernest Rutherford’s experiments with gold foil, why did some of the particles bounce back?

Alpha particles are positively charged, they were deflected when they met the positively charged protons in the nucleus

Alpha particles behave in unpredictable ways and can randomly change direction due to quantum effects

He fired electrons at the gold foil and when they met protons they were reflected back

#67. Which type of reaction takes in energy, making the surroundings cooler?

Exothermic

Ectothermic

Endothermic

#68. Because mixtures contain more than one substance and each has its own melting point, mixtures melt in which way?

at a specific point

over a range of temperatures

#69. Which type of reaction is aerobic respiration?

Ectothermic

Exothermic

Endothermic

Mesothermic

#70. What is the chemical symbol for lithium?

#71. Why do both graphite and diamond have high melting points?

Many strong covalent bonds need to be broken in order to melt the solid forms of diamond and graphite.

All materials made of carbon have a high melting point, that is why carbon is added to iron to make steel.

#72. Are non-metals usually shiny or dull in colour?

Dull

Shiny

#73. Iron is turned into iron oxide when exposed to the air. This is a process also known as rusting. Is the rate of reaction fast or slow in rusting?

Fast

Slow

#74. Which of the following are commonly used as methods of sterilising fresh water? ? 3

Select all that apply:

alpha particle treatment

ozonation

UV treatment

chlorination

#75. Isotopes of atoms have different numbers of which particles?

Protons

Neutrons

#76. How did the oceans form?

Liquid water gradually seeped directly out of the Earths crust, for thousands of years

Liquid water spontaneously formed when the ammonia and and methane in the atmosphere interacted chemically

Water vapour in the atmosphere condensed as the Earth cooled, forming the oceans

#77. What is the chemical symbol for mercury?

#78. Calculate the relative formula mass of carbon monoxide (CO) to 2 decimal places. Carbon Aᵣ = 12, Oxygen Aᵣ = 16.

#79. What is the chemical symbol for calcium?

#80. The table shows 3 substances and their melting points. Which types of substances could Y be?

Select all that apply:

mixture

element

compound

#81. Which of these is the mobile phase in paper chromatography?

the paper

the solvent

the ink

#82. What is the name of the apparatus used for distillation?

#83. The graph shows a heating curve for substance X (red) and substance Y (blue). Is substance X a pure or impure substance?

Pure

Impure

#84. Calculate the relative formula mass of water. Hydrogen Aᵣ = 1, Oxygen Aᵣ = 16.

#85. What is the formula for potassium hydroxide?

NaOH

HNO₃

Ca(OH)₂

KOH

H₂SO₄

HCL

#86. How many atoms of potassium (group 1) are needed to bond ionically with oxygen (group 6)?

1

3

2

#87. During crystallisation, there is a risk of spitting which could cause harm. Which of the following could reduce the risk?

Select all that apply:

using steam to heat the evaporating basin carefully

removing the bunsen burner before solution is dry

putting a cover over the evaporating dish

wearing eye protection

#88. A paper chromatography experiment is carried out in a lab. The distance moved by the spot was 6cm and the solvent had moved by 8cm. Calculate the Rf value.

#89. Which of these reasons explains why temperature affects rate of reaction?

Reactant particles are unaffected by temperature, but the bonds at higher temperatures become weaker leading to an increased rate of reaction

Reactant particles at lower temperatures are struck by rapidly moving electrons, causing the reaction to happen faster

Reactant particles at higher temperatures move more quickly, collide more often and with enough energy to react

#90. Surface area to volume ratio affects rate of reaction. Why is that the case?

With lower surface area to volume ratio, objects are much hotter and travel faster

With higher surface area to volume ratio, there is more surface where collisions can take place

With higher surface area to volume ratio, the overall temperature of reactants is lower, this leads to increased collision impact when struck

GCSE OCR Chemistry B Paper 1

Good Luck!

Results

#1. What type of substance is carbon dioxide (CO₂ )?

#2. What is the name of the phase change from solid to liquid?

#3. How could we accurately monitor the rate of a reaction? ? Three answers

#4. Copper can be purified using electrolysis of copper sulfate solution. For this process we use the setup in the image below. Complete the half equation for the reaction at the anode. Cu → ….. + …..

#5. Complete the equation: HCl (aq) → H⁺(aq) + …..

#6. Why is graphite softer than diamond?

#7. Which of the following are strong acids?

#8. Why may our attempts to mitigate the effects of climate change cause further damage to the environment?

#9. What do group 2 atoms do when they bond with group 6 atoms?

#10. What state of matter has particles which are close together and move around each other?

#11. What is the formula for calcium hydroxide?

#12. Fill in the blanks: Reduction refers to the …… of electrons and it occurs at the ……..

#13. Can compounds be pure, for example, carbon dioxide?

#14. Determine the empirical formula for Cyclopentane – C₅H₁₀?

#15. Which of the following items would you need to perform crystallisation by heating? ? 6 items

#16. Why is there a minimum energy required for reactions to occur?

#17. What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?

#18. Fill in the blanks: Electrolysis is a process in which ………. energy from a ………. current supply is used to decompose electrolytes.

#19. Does increasing the pressure of gases increase the rate of reaction?

#20. How could you separate a mixture of sand and salt?

#21. Why did the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere decrease after the oceans formed?

#22. What is the chemical symbol for sodium?

#23. Temperature affects the rate of reaction. Which of the following is the correct description of what happens when temperature changes?

#24. What is the name of the process by which salt is removed from water?

#25. Which of the following things were hypothesised by John Dalton in 1805? ? select 4 answers

#26. Filtration and crystallisation are used to separate which types of materials?

#27. Determine the empirical formula of glucose – C₆H₁₂O₆.

#28. Are metals usually good conductors of electricity?

#29. Why do we use distilled water for chemical analysis?

#30. What does the atomic number of an element mean?

#31. Complete the following equation describing a reaction with a metal carbonate and an acid: metal carbonate + acid → …. + …. + ….

#32. Which of the following examples matches the composition of Earth’s early atmosphere?

#33. Which scientist proposed the Plum Pudding Model?

#34. Which geological process formed Earth’s atmosphere?

#35. Greenhouse effect 2) Fill in the blanks: Greenhouse gases such as ……….. , …………. and ……….. absorb infrared radiation from the Earth and re-emit it back to the Earth’s surface, causing warming.

#36. Which of these are common properties of simple molecular (covalent) materials?

#37. What is a polymer?

#38. What is a simple molecular structure?

#39. What is the relative mass of a proton?

#40. During a neutralisation reaction which salt is formed from hydrochloric acid?

#41. Complete the following equation describing a neutralisation reaction with a metal oxide: metal oxide + acid → …. + ….

#42. Which of the following are the main sources of drinking water in the UK?

#43. What is the current composition of the Earth’s atmosphere?

#44. Reaction profiles are used to show the energy transfers during reactions. Which type of reaction is shown in this reaction profile?

#45. What is the chemical symbol for nitrogen?

#46. Why is diamond hard?

#47. The melting point of gallium is 29.8˚C and the boiling point is 2204˚C. What state is gallium at 25˚C?

#48. What is the formula for sodium hydroxide?

#49. What is the chemical symbol for iodine?

#50. What is a solution called when it contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a particular temperature?

#51. What is the chemical symbol for carbon?

#52. Why is a spark often needed to start a combustion reaction?

#53. During a neutralisation reaction which salt is formed from nitric acid?

#54. What is the formula for the polyatomic ion hydroxide?

#55. Fill in the blanks: Oxidation refers to the …… of electrons and it occurs at the ……..

#56. What is the chemical symbol for hydrogen?

#57. True or false – Precipitation reactions can be either exothermic or endothermic.

#58. Are metals usually shiny or dull in colour?

#59. On the early Earth, there was a lot of volcanic activity as the planet was cooling down. How can we link this to the formation of the atmosphere?

#60. When using inert electrodes to perform electrolysis with sodium chloride solution, which products will be produced at the anode and cathode?

#61. What is the electronic configuration of a nitrogen atom? ? you might need a periodic table to answer this question

#62. What is the chemical symbol for fluorine?

#63. What is the name of the phase change from liquid to gas?

#64. The graph shows a heating curve for substance X (red) and substance Y (blue). Is substance Y a pure or impure substance?

#65. What is the name of the phase change from gas to solid?

#66. During Ernest Rutherford’s experiments with gold foil, why did some of the particles bounce back?

#67. Which type of reaction takes in energy, making the surroundings cooler?

#68. Because mixtures contain more than one substance and each has its own melting point, mixtures melt in which way?

#69. Which type of reaction is aerobic respiration?

#70. What is the chemical symbol for lithium?

#71. Why do both graphite and diamond have high melting points?

#72. Are non-metals usually shiny or dull in colour?

#73. Iron is turned into iron oxide when exposed to the air. This is a process also known as rusting. Is the rate of reaction fast or slow in rusting?

#74. Which of the following are commonly used as methods of sterilising fresh water? ? 3

#75. Isotopes of atoms have different numbers of which particles?

#76. How did the oceans form?

#77. What is the chemical symbol for mercury?